Source: Quora
Kartavirya Arjuna also known as Sahastra Arjuna was a legendary king of an ancient Haihayas kingdom (Kalchuri Rajputs) with capital at Mahishmati which is on the banks of Narmada River in the current state of Madhya Pradesh.Kartavirya was son of Kritavirya, king of the Haihayas. This is his patronymic, by which he is best known; his real name was Kartaviryarjuna. He is described as having a thousand hands and a great devotee of god Dattatreya. Vayu Purana mentions that he ruled for 88,000 years with unbroken health, prosperity, strength, and valour.
As per Mahabharata, KartaViryarjun's father didnt have son for long time. So Kritavirya and his wife Padmini goes to forest and did penance for 10,000 years towards Lord Vishnu. But he doesn't appear before them.
Worried Padmini went to nearby hermitage where Anusuya, a very chaste wife lives. She enquired Anusuya for a ritual to beget a son. As per her request, she advised her to follow Padmini Ekadasi fasting.
As per her instruction, the couples followed the fasting strictly and atlast they were blessed by Lord Shri Vishnu to beget a powerful son.
The king (Kartavirya Arjuna's father) was very happy to hear this. Naturally he asked for the son he had desired for so long:
'O master of the universe, O killer of the Madhu demon, kindly grant me a son who will never be conquered by demigods, human beings, snakes, demons, or hobgoblins, but whom only You can defeat.' The Supreme Lord immediately replied, 'So be it!' and disappeared.
The king became very pleased with his wife and returned to his palace in her company. Padmini soon became pregnant, and the many armed Kartaviryarjuna appeared as her son.
He was the mightiest person in all the three worlds, and thus even tenheaded Ravana could not defeat him in battle. Except for Lord Narayana, who holds a club, a disc, and other symbols in his hands, no one could overcome him. By the merit that resulted from his mother's strict and faithful observance of Padmini Ekadasi, he could defeat even the dreaded Ravana.
He is described as having a thousand hands and a great devotee of god Dattatreya. As a result of his devotion to Lord Dattatreya he obtained various boons such as 1000 arms, a golden chariot which can carry him across the world wherever he wants to, power of restraining wrong by justice, invincibility by enemies, conquest of world etc.,
The Puranas recount that Kartavirya Arjuna and his army visited a rishi named Jamadagni, who fed his guest and the whole army with offerings from his divine cow Kamadhenu. The king demanded the cow for the betterment of his subjects. Jamadagni refused because he needed the cow for his religious ceremonies.
King Kartavirya Arjuna sent his soldiers to take the cow. As the conflict developed among the Jamadagni and the King, Kartavirya Arjuna lost his cool and chopped off the head of Jamadagni .
When Parashurama (Jamadagni's son and one of the Daśāvatāras of Vishnu) returned to the hermitage, he was informed of the context by his mother. In revenge, Parashurama chopped off his 1000 arms and killed him and the entire clan of Kartavirya Arjuna with a battleaxe given to him by Shiva, thus conquering the entire earth, which he gave to Brahmanas. Also he gets back the divine cow with him.
Kartavirya's power is popularly told in the Ramayana. He was the contemporary of Ravana. The story goes that once when Kartavirya Arjuna was having a bath in the River Narmada along with his wives, he stopped the force of the river with his thousand arms from both the sides. Dasagriva (Ravana), who was singing the hymns of Shiva and praying to him, made him lose his concentration.
Enraged, he challenged the former for a combat. Ravana was defeated and was put to humiliation.Then on request of his paternal grandfather Pulastya the great emperor Kartaviryarjuna released Ravana.
Few more facts
Kartivirya Arjuna was ruling Haihaya Dynasty in Satyayuga (Kritayuga).
6th Chandravanshi King Shahastrajit (eldest son of King Yadu) was founder of Haihaya Dynasty (few parts of present Madhya Pradesha, Maharashtra, Gujarat).
King Yadu had devided his kingdom in two parts.
Krosht became king of Vraja & Mathura. (they called Yadava)
Shahastrajit became king of Haihaya. (they called Haihaya)
Kartivirya Arjuna born 28 generation after King Yadu.
Kartivirya Arjuna was son of King Kritvirya who was contemporary to 32nd generation Ikshvakuvanshi King Sumana (King Sudhanava of Harivansha Purana).
King Sumana was also known by King Vasumaan and King Paajirter.
Kartivirya Arjuna was Great Grand Son of King Kanak/Dhanak who was contemporary of 30th generation Ikshvakuvanshi King Prushadashva (mensioned in Vishnu Puran).
King Prushadashva was son of King Anaranya (who was defeated by Ravan).
King Anaranya was born 5 generation after Chakravarti Samrat (Universal Ruler) Mandhata.
Kartivirya Arjuna had 05 son
(1) Vrushabha
(2) Madhu
(3) Urjeet
(4) Jayadratha
(5) Soorsena
All were killed by God Parashurama.
Talajangha was son of King Jayadratha (son of Kritavirya Arjuna).
Vitihotra was son of King Talajangha.
Madhu was son of King Vitihotra.
Vrushni was son of King Madhu.
Kartivirya Arjuna and his 03 generation (Jayadratha, Talajangha, Vitihotra) were killed by God Parashurama.
Haihaya Dynasty ended after 07 generation of King Vitihotra by 50th Ikshvakuvanshi King Sagara who was Chakravartin Samrat (Universal Ruler).
King Vitihotra was contemporary of King Rohita (son of Satyavadi King Harischandra).
Shahashtra Bahu Kartivirya Arjuna was contemporary to Following Kings.
(1) King Dushyant (husband of Shakuntala, father of King Bharat)
(2) King Ghadi (father of Rajarshi Vishvamitra)
(3) Tridhanvan (Great Grand Father of King Tri Shanku or King Satyavrata who is father of Satyavadi King Harischandra).
Shahashtrabahu Kartivirya Arjuna was born in 33rd generation of Chandravansha (Lunar Dynasty).
Shahashtra Bahu Kartivirya Arjuna is belongs from Haihaya Dynasty which is one branch of Chandra Vansh (Lunar Dynasty) and it was reigned at both river Narmada (few parts of modern Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarata).
Shahastra Bahu Kartivirya Arjuna had ruled 88,000 years and it's longest in Sanatan Dharma.
No one can ruled too much long as him.
Chandravanshi King Alerka of Kashi had ruled 66,000 years.
Ikshvakuvanshi King Dasaratha of Ayodhya had ruled 60,000 years.
Kartivirya Arjuna did penance and got boon from "God Dattatreya" therefore he had strength of 1000 Hands. (that's why he called " Shahashtra Bahu").
Kartivrya Arjuna was Chakravartin Samrat (Universal Ruler) and he defeated Ravana in war.
Ravana had defeated only by four persons
(1) Kartivirya Arjuna (2) Vali (3) Dasaratha (4) Sri Ram.
Ravana had already defeated all contempory kings of Kartivirya Arjuna.
Ravana defeated King Dushyant (husbund of Shakuntala, father of King Bharat)
Ravana had defeated King Ghadi (father of Rajarshi Vishvamitra)
Ravana had defeated King Anaranya, King Mandhata of Ikshvakuvansh (Suryansh).
Sri Rama born 58 generation after King Mandhata.
So, Ravana lived very very long life span.
Kartivirya Arjuna killed Maharshi Jamad Agni (who was father of God Parashurama) therefore Parashurama fought with army of Kartivirya Arjuna.
God Parashurama defeated and killed Kartivirya Arjuna in war.
God Parashurama had killed 03 generation of Kartivirya Arjuna at interval of every 70 years.
Finally, King Vitihotra who was great grand son of Kartivirya Arjuna defeated by God Parashurama(210 years after death of Kartivirya Arjuna) and he went to Maharshi Kashyapa in very injured position.
Maharshi Kashyapa was Guru of God Parashurama. He succeed to convience God Parashurama to stop killing Kshatriya Kings. God Parashurama killed all unjust, unkind, dishonest, cruel and terror kings 21 times at interval of every 10 years.
Haihaya Dynasty was ended by Chakravartin Sammrat Sagar who was 50th generation king of Ikshavaku Vansh (Suryavansh).
King Bhagiratha born 04 generation after King Sagara and he brings River Ganga on earth by penance 10,000 years long therefore Ganga is called "Bhagirathi"
Chakravartin Samrat Raghu born 28 generation after King Sagar.
Raghav, Raghuvir, Raghukul, Raghuvansh words were origine in honour of King Raghu.
King Raghu was last ruler of Satyayuga and then Tretayuga started.
Sri Ram born 03 generation after King Raghu
Kartivirya Arjuna was killed by God Parashurama.
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